The Tank's Geometric Properties Effect on the Sloshing Wave Height and the Resulting Forces on the Roof

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran

Abstract

This paper outlines the effects of freeboard height sufficiency on sloshing wave characteristics, considering the geometric properties of rectangular tanks. Recorded ground accelerations of the 1999 Kocaeli and 1994 Northridge earthquakes are applied to the finite element model with different geometric assumptions. Both the frequency content of recorded ground motions and their PGA influence the sloshing wave responses. The geometric properties include the ratio of contained liquid height to tank length, wall elasticity, wall thickness, and freeboard height, considering tanks with and without the roof. The choice of roofed or roofless tanks significantly affects the sloshing properties because of non-zero insufficient freeboard influences. Sloshing height is studied for the roofless tanks, assuming sufficient freeboards. The upward force arising from inadequate freeboard shows the roofed tanks' sloshing wave characteristics, including various insufficient freeboards. For the roofless tanks, the rigidity assumption and the thickness reduction of elastic tanks reduce the sloshing height. The maximum sloshing height also decreases by decreasing the ratio of the contained liquid height to the tank length. So, the roofless tanks exhibit a clear trend in the tank geometric variations. The roofed tanks with zero insufficient freeboards also show a regular trend; however, the sloshing forces increase by decreasing the H to L ratio. But, tanks with insufficient non-zero freeboards do not indicate any steady trend for the geometric variation because of non-zero insufficient freeboard effects. A comparison of upward forces applied to the tanks' roof with their corresponding sloshing height time history shows the importance of zero or non-zero assumption for the freeboard height to control the sloshing characteristics. So, the sloshing wave responses are significantly dependent on the insufficient freeboard height assumption, although their responses depend on the tanks' various geometric properties

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References

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Civil Engineering and Applied Solutions
Volume 1, Issue 1
June 2025
Pages 36-52

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